A portable fire extinguisher can stop some fires while they are still very small. It can also create a dangerous delay if someone stays inside while a fire grows, smoke spreads or the escape route closes.
Your first responsibility is to alert everyone, get people out and make sure 911 is called. Property can be replaced. Your life cannot.
Only Consider an Extinguisher When Every Condition Is Safe
The U.S. Fire Administration recommends considering several questions before using an extinguisher:
- Has everyone been alerted and is someone calling the fire department?
- Is the fire small and contained to one object or surface?
- Are you safe from toxic smoke?
- Do you have a clear escape route?
- Are you physically able and trained to operate the extinguisher?
If the answer to any question is no—or if you are uncertain—leave immediately and call 911 from outside.
Keep the Exit Behind You
Never allow the fire to come between you and the way out. Position yourself with a clear exit behind you before attempting to use an extinguisher.
Stop and leave if the room begins filling with smoke, the fire spreads, the extinguisher empties, heat becomes intense or your escape route is threatened. Close the door behind you if possible and do not go back inside.
Choose the Correct Extinguisher
Extinguishers are classified for different types of fire. Common labels identify ordinary combustibles, flammable liquids and energized electrical equipment. Other hazards, including cooking oils and combustible metals, require specialized extinguishing agents.
Read the label before an emergency. Select equipment appropriate for the hazards in the area and follow the manufacturer's installation, inspection and replacement instructions. Using the wrong extinguisher can spread burning material or create an electrical hazard.
Remember PASS
If the fire is small, conditions are safe and you have chosen to use the correct extinguisher, remember PASS:
- Pull the pin.
- Aim low at the base of the fire.
- Squeeze the handle slowly and evenly.
- Sweep the nozzle from side to side.
Maintain your escape route throughout the attempt. An extinguisher may discharge in seconds, so do not assume it gives you time to fight a growing fire.
Special Warning for Cooking Fires
Never throw water on a grease or oil fire. For a small stovetop pan fire, sliding a lid over the pan and turning off the burner may smother the flames if you can do so without exposing yourself to heat or fire. Do not move the pan, and leave it covered until completely cool.
If flames have spread beyond the pan, the safest action is to leave, close the door and call 911.
Inspect the Extinguisher Before You Need It
Keep extinguishers visible and accessible, not buried behind stored items. Check the pressure indicator when present, inspect for corrosion or damage and confirm that the pin and tamper seal are intact.
Service or replace the extinguisher according to its instructions and after any use. A partially discharged unit may not work as expected during another emergency.
Escape Planning Comes First
An extinguisher supplements working alarms and a practiced home fire escape plan; it does not replace them. Make sure everyone knows that they are never required to fight a fire.
When in doubt, get out. Meet at your designated location, stay outside and give arriving firefighters clear information about what is burning and whether anyone may still be inside.